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PHRASAL VERBS: VERBI FRASALI (Italian Edition)

di MARTINO, GIULIA NICOLINA

Il verbo frasale è un verbo seguito da un avverbio, da una preposizione o da entrambi, le quali cambiano il significato del verbo stesso. Questo fenomeno è frequentissimo in tedesco ed inglese, ma esiste anche in italiano e in alcune delle lingue parlate in Italia, principalmente la lingua lombarda, quella veneta ed alcuni dialetti della lingua emiliana. Anche nelle lingue antiche, come il latino e il greco, i verbi possono assumere significati notevolmente diversi tra loro se seguiti da preposizioni o avverbi. In alcuni casi, la preposizione si integra e viene posta prima del verbo a formare un verbo composto, il cui significato rimane collegabile concettualmente al verbo semplice, ma modificato dalla preposizione, deve il più delle volte essere tradotto con vocaboli differenti. In Inglese sono tantissimi i phrasal verbs e possono essere raccolti all’interno di un elenco di 121 verbi. Di seguito un elenco dettagliato contenente anche un esempio. WHAT IS A PHRASAL VERB?A phrasal verb is a phrase that’s made up of a verb and another word or two, usually a preposition but sometimes an adverb.So before we can talk about English phrasal verbs, it’s important to understand what verbs, prepositions and adverbs are.A verb is an action word. It describes something happening (e.g. hearing, seeing), a state of being (e.g. to live, to sleep), or an action being done (e.g. to read, to sing).A preposition is a word that describes the relationship between two words. For example, the bees are above the table or under the table, but not inside the table (hopefully). Prepositions mainly deal with location or direction (e.g. on, through, around) and time (e.g. “by” or “around” a certain time).An adverb is a word that describes a verb. For example, you can run quickly or slowly and arrive to class early or late.Phrasal verbs work by changing the verb’s meaning based on the preposition that follows them.For example, the last sentence before this section: “So come on, let’s learn some phrasal verbs.” The words “come on” in that sentence are a phrasal verb!The word “come,” on its own, means to move towards something. Together with the preposition “on,” though, the phrase “come on” becomes a phrase of encouragement.English phrasal verbs are everywhere, so one of the best ways to learn them is to try to listen for them. These phrases are commonly used, and would not be unusual to hear in a conversation. Some phrasal verb meanings are obvious—like “fall down”—but some are almost like idioms since they can’t be literally translated. To make them easier to learn, is important grouping the phrasal verbs into categories, like we’ve done with our phrasal verbs list below.There are so many phrasal verbs that it might seem difficult to learn them all. But many of these phrases become natural after a while—all it takes is some repetition and practice.Usually, the verb and preposition in a phrasal verb need to be said together, like in the phrase “fall down.” For example: the phrase “turn off” can be used just like that, or it can be interrupted by stating what you’re turning off.Another thing to keep in mind about phrasal verbs is that they are still verbs. That means the verb part of the phrase can be changed depending on the tense and subject of the sentence. So “turn off” can transform like this:I turned off the TV this morning.She turns off the TV every time I enter the room!Phrasal verbs can be separated and which can’t, so hang in there!Below are some of the most common English phrasal verbs.